Seed Dormancy and Germination Requirements of Torilis scabra (Apiaceae)

The timing of seed germination significantly affects the fitness and life cycle plants. Torilis scabra is a perennial medicinal herb occurring in mixed forests but increasing use modification forestlands recent decades has led to degeneration its natural habitat. Nonetheless, requirements for T. remain unclear. present study focused on identifying conditions necessary break dormancy describing type. By periodically collecting seeds that were sown field, phenology was studied. impact light, temperature, warm/cold stratification breaking promoting also determined through incubating laboratory conditions. Additionally, effect GA3 explored more accurately identify type present. results demonstrated possessed small, undeveloped embryos with physiological at time maturity. In embryo growth initiated early spring embryo–seed length ratio increased by ~300% before radical emerged. laboratory, from 0.24 0.82 when subjected cold 4 °C then transferred 15/25 °C. Germination observed across broad temperature range after stratification. helped after-ripening did not. Taken together, suggest have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy.